Maltese Health & Wellness

What It Is

Patellar luxation is a condition where the kneecap (patella) slips out of its normal groove. It's one of the most common orthopedic issues in small breeds like the Maltese. The condition ranges from mild (Grade I) to severe (Grade IV), with symptoms varying accordingly.

Symptoms

• Occasional limping or hopping on hind legs
• Reluctance to jump or climb stairs
• Swelling around the knee area
• Holding the affected leg up intermittently
• Difficulty walking or running normally

Prevention & Management

• Maintain healthy weight: Excess weight puts additional stress on joints
• Avoid jumping: Use ramps or steps to prevent high-impact landings
• Regular exercise: Low-impact activities strengthen supporting muscles
• Quality diet: Ensure adequate calcium and joint-supporting nutrients
• Genetic screening: Choose breeders who test for patellar luxation

When to See a Vet

Contact your veterinarian if you notice persistent limping, pain, or reluctance to bear weight. Early diagnosis is important for managing the condition effectively. Your vet may recommend X-rays, physical therapy, supplements, or in severe cases, surgery.

Why Dental Care Matters

Maltese dogs are prone to dental problems due to their small mouths and crowded teeth. Poor dental health can lead to gum disease, tooth loss, and even serious systemic infections. Regular dental care is essential for maintaining overall health and quality of life.

Common Dental Issues

• Plaque and tartar buildup: Leads to gum disease and tooth decay
• Gum disease: Causes inflammation, pain, and tooth loss
• Retained baby teeth: Can cause misalignment and infection
• Tooth fractures: From chewing hard objects
• Malocclusion: Misaligned teeth affecting eating and comfort

Daily Dental Care Routine

• Brush teeth daily: Use dog-specific toothpaste and a soft brush
• Dental chews: Provide approved dental chews to help clean teeth
• Water additives: Use vet-approved dental water additives
• Diet: Feed quality food that promotes dental health
• Regular checkups: Schedule veterinary dental exams twice yearly

Professional Dental Cleaning

Professional dental cleanings under anesthesia are recommended annually or as needed. Your veterinarian can assess the extent of plaque and tartar buildup and perform thorough cleaning and any necessary extractions. Ask your vet about the best schedule for your Maltese.

Common Eye Conditions

• Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA): Degenerative eye disease affecting vision
• Cataracts: Clouding of the lens, can lead to blindness
• Tear staining: Excessive tearing causing staining (covered in detail elsewhere)
• Corneal ulcers: Scratches or sores on the cornea
• Glaucoma: Increased eye pressure causing pain and vision loss

Eye Care Tips

• Keep eyes clean: Gently wipe away discharge with a soft cloth
• Protect from irritants: Avoid smoke, dust, and harsh chemicals
• Regular checkups: Have eyes examined annually by your vet
• Genetic screening: Choose breeders who test for hereditary eye conditions
• Avoid trauma: Prevent eye injuries from rough play or objects

Warning Signs

Seek immediate veterinary attention if you notice redness, discharge, cloudiness, squinting, excessive tearing, or behavioral changes suggesting vision problems. Early detection and treatment can prevent serious complications.

Preventive Care Schedule

Nutrition & Weight Management

• Feed high-quality, age-appropriate dog food
• Maintain ideal weight (typically 4-6 pounds for Maltese)
• Provide fresh water at all times
• Avoid toxic foods (chocolate, grapes, onions, xylitol)
• Consider supplements for joint and coat health

Exercise & Mental Stimulation

• Daily walks (20-30 minutes) appropriate for age and fitness
• Indoor play and interactive toys
• Mental enrichment through training and puzzle toys
• Socialization with other dogs and people
• Avoid overexertion in hot weather

Vaccinations & Parasite Prevention

• Keep vaccinations current (DHPP, rabies)
• Monthly flea and tick prevention
• Regular deworming as recommended by your vet
• Heartworm prevention year-round
• Discuss lifestyle-appropriate preventive measures with your vet