Official Maltese Breed Standards

Comprehensive reference guide based on AKC (American Kennel Club) and FCI (Fédération Cynologique Internationale) breed standards for the Maltese dog.

General Appearance

The Maltese is a small dog with a white, silky coat. The breed is characterized by its compact, sturdy build and graceful movement. Despite its small size, the Maltese carries itself with dignity and elegance, embodying the refined nature associated with this ancient breed.

Key Characteristic: The Maltese should appear as a well-balanced, miniature dog with a flowing white coat and dark, intelligent eyes.

Size and Weight

Height

  • AKC Standard: Not exceeding 7 inches (17.8 cm) at the shoulder
  • FCI Standard: 20-25 cm (approximately 8-10 inches)
  • Females are typically slightly smaller than males

Weight

  • AKC Standard: Not exceeding 7 pounds (3.2 kg)
  • FCI Standard: 3-4 kg (approximately 6.6-8.8 pounds)
  • Ideal weight is typically 4-6 pounds for show dogs

Coat and Color

Coat Type

  • Single coat (no undercoat)
  • Long, silky, and flowing
  • Straight texture, not wavy or curly
  • Should reach the floor or ground when in full coat
  • Requires regular grooming and maintenance

Color

  • Pure white is the only acceptable color for show dogs
  • Light tan or lemon markings are acceptable in some standards but not preferred
  • The coat should have a lustrous, pearl-like quality

Head and Expression

Skull

  • Slightly rounded on top
  • Proportionate to body size
  • Well-set between ears

Eyes

  • Round and dark brown (black pigmented rims)
  • Set well apart and looking straight ahead
  • Should convey a sweet, intelligent expression
  • No white showing (no haw)

Nose

  • Black and finely textured
  • Slightly rounded, not pointed

Ears

  • Pendant-shaped, set high on the head
  • Long and heavily feathered with long hair
  • Covered with long hair that blends with coat

Body Structure

Proportions

  • Length slightly exceeds height (rectangular body)
  • Compact and sturdy build
  • Well-proportioned throughout

Chest and Back

  • Chest moderately deep
  • Back level and straight
  • Loin slightly arched

Tail

  • Plumed and carried over the back
  • Heavily feathered with long hair
  • Should reach to the side of the body

Temperament

The Maltese should exhibit the following temperament traits:

  • Affectionate and Gentle: Devoted to their owners and family members
  • Intelligent: Quick learners with good problem-solving abilities
  • Lively: Playful and energetic despite small size
  • Fearless: Confident and not timid or aggressive
  • Responsive: Eager to please and trainable
  • Sociable: Good with children and other pets when properly socialized

Gait and Movement

  • Smooth, flowing movement
  • Effortless and graceful gait
  • Straight front and rear legs
  • Good reach and drive
  • Moves with elegance and dignity

Health and Longevity

While breed standards focus on physical characteristics, responsible breeders also consider health:

  • Life Expectancy: 12-15 years on average
  • Common Health Concerns: Patellar luxation, white shaker syndrome, dental issues
  • Genetic Testing: Reputable breeders test for hereditary conditions
  • Regular Veterinary Care: Essential for maintaining health and longevity

Official Resources

For complete and official breed standards, consult:

  • AKC (American Kennel Club): www.akc.org - Official breed standard for the United States
  • FCI (Fédération Cynologique Internationale): www.fci.be - International breed standard
  • Kennel Clubs: Your country's national kennel club for regional standards